Desde el punto de vista académico, 1971 es un año de gran trascendencia. De forma paralela son publicadas A Theory of Justice y Bioethics, Bridge to the future. Ambos libros, aunque de temas muy diferentes, marcaron un antes y un después en cada uno de sus ámbitos. En el mundo de la filosofía, la publicación de John Rawls convirtió a la justicia distributiva en el foco de atención. Mientras que, en el mundo científico, el bioquímico Van Rensselaer Potter comienza a utilizar el término bioética, provocando así una revolución en la ciencia. Aunque en principio poco tienen que ver ambas publicaciones entre sí, con el paso de los años sus caminos empezaron a cruzarse.

Hacia 1973, cuando Norman Daniels comienza a interesarse en los temas de bioética, lo que más llamó su atención fue la relativa ausencia de trabajos filosóficos en el ámbito del cuidado de la salud. «Los dramáticos casos del aborto, la eutanasia y el trasplante de órganos parecían acaparar la escena filosófica y pocas veces se encontraban comentarios sobre el derecho a la asistencia sanitaria, nadie analizaba qué tipo de bien social es el cuidado de la salud o se preocupaba por investigar qué principios deberían regular su distribución».

Preguntas como, ¿cuánto de la suma total de los recursos debe la sociedad gastar en salud? ¿Cómo satisfacer de manera justa las necesidades médicas cuando los recursos son limitados? ¿Qué tanto influyen la responsabilidad y la suerte en una enfermedad? ¿Hasta qué punto el Estado debe hacerse responsable de la atención médica? ¿Son el mercado y los principios utilitaristas de coste-beneficio criterios adecuados para la distribución de los recursos sanitarios?, comenzaron a ser relevantes en las discusiones de filosofía, política, ética, medicina y economía.

De cara a estas interrogantes y frente a los nuevos retos que nos supuso la pandemia de COVID-19, este libro tiene como objetivo analizar las teorías de algunos filósofos como Norman Daniels, Ronald Dworkin, H.T. Engelhardt, Amartya Sen y Shlomi Segall, relacionadas con la justicia distributiva en materia de salud.

Además de una síntesis filosófica, esta obra ofrece al lector un enfoque multidisciplinario con la intención de fortalecer los puentes de diálogo entre las humanidades y la medicina. Una teoría de la justicia para la asistencia sanitaria no es una tarea que le compete únicamente a los filósofos y teóricos políticos, sino que es una cuestión que nos concierne a todos.

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«Justicia y salud. Pautas distributivas para la atención médica», Ana Regina Luévano Cayón oxşar kitablar