A lo largo de nuestra vida aceptamos muchos cambios importantes: el matrimonio, los hijos, las nuevas tecnologías o los nuevos trabajos. No obstante, algunos hábitos los consideramos innegociables. Los fumadores siguen fumando y los niños siguen engordando demasiado.

Hay cambios fáciles y cambios difíciles. Esto es así porque el corazón y la mente están en conflicto. Por una parte está el lado emocional, nuestro lado instintivo, que siente dolor y placer. Por otra, está el racional o reflexivo, que delibera, analiza y mira hacia el futuro. Uno quiere un cuerpo escultural y aprovechar el tiempo para aprender idiomas y el otro, comerse una tarta y ver un rato la televisión. El racional se opone con firmeza a cualquier cambio de la rutina; el emocional ansía tener siempre nuevos retos.

Nuestro lado emocional es un elefante y el racional, su jinete. Encaramado sobre el elefante, el jinete sujeta las riendas y parece ser el líder. Pero el control del jinete es precario, porque es muy pequeño comparado con el elefante.

El ansia del elefante por la gratificación inmediata es lo opuesto a la fortaleza del jinete, que tiene capacidad para ver a largo plazo, planificar y pensar más allá del momento. Pero el elefante también tiene fortalezas enormes y el jinete, debilidades muy serias. El territorio del primero son las emociones: el amor, la compasión, la simpatía y la lealtad o el instinto de proteger a sus hijos. Para progresar hacia un objetivo hay que contar con la energía y la determinación del elefante. El jinete, en cambio, no deja de darle vueltas a las cosas: tiende a analizar y pensar excesivamente en ellas.

En el contexto de la gestión, si queremos que las cosas cambien, tenemos que apelar tanto al jinete como al elefante. El primero aporta la planificación y la dirección; y el segundo, la energía. Por lo tanto, si llegamos a los jinetes de nuestro equipo pero no conseguimos llegar a los elefantes, nuestro equipo tendrá comprensión sin motivación. Si llegamos a los elefantes pero no a sus jinetes, tendremos pasión sin dirección. En ambos casos, los errores pueden paralizar la ejecución. Un elefante reticente y un jinete que piense demasiado pueden hacer que no se produzca ningún cambio. Pero cuando van al unísono, el cambio es fácil.

En este libro, Chip Heath y su hermano Dan, dos reconocidos especialistas en comportamiento organizacional, nos explican cómo alinear el jinete con el elefante para que los cambios que emprendamos nos resulten más placenteros y obtengamos mejores resultados.

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