Kitabı oxu: «Mind Map Handbook: The ultimate thinking tool»

Tony Buzan
Mind Map^® Handbook

Contents

Cover

Title Page

A Letter to My Readers

1: How to Mind Map

1.1: Introducing the Mind Map!

1.2: Making a Mind Map

1.3: Your Daily Life Made More Successful with Mind Maps

1.4: Making the Most of Your Creativity with Mind Maps

1.5: Your Ideal Future Designed by Mind Maps

2: The Power of Verbal Intelligence

2.1: Fore-word! Your Journey to Verbal Power Begins

2.2: Child’s Wordplay – Proof that You are a Natural Verbal Genius

2.3: Word Power I – Roots: How to Improve Your Vocabulary, Creativity, Memory and IQ!

2.4: Word Power II – Prefixes and Suffixes

2.5: Brain Word – Using your Brain Power to Develop your Word Power

2.6: Body Talk – Body Language and How to Improve It

2.7: Present Yourself – How to Become a Successful Speaker

2.8: Read On! How to Improve Your Speed, Comprehension and Recall

2.9: Communication Power – Using Your Verbal Intelligence to Gain Control of Your Life

2.10: Using Your Verbal Intelligence to Increase Your Other Multiple Intelligences

3: The Power of Creative Intelligence

3.1: Introduction – Beginning Your Creativity Journey

3.2: Using Your Magical Left and Right Brains

3.3: Infinite Creativity – Mapping Your Mind with Mind-Maps

3.4: You the Creative Artist

3.5: You the Creative Musician

3.6: Creative Productivity – The Power of Volume and Speed

3.7: Creative Flexibility and Originality

3.8: Your Brain: The Ultimate ‘Association Machine’ – Expansive and Radiant Thinking

3.9: You and Shakespeare – Poets Both!

3.10: Only Kidding

Congratulations!

Plates

Answers

Contact

Acknowledgements

Copyright

About the Publisher

A Letter to my Readers

Let me tell you the story of how Mind Maps came into being.

As a young child I had loved the idea of taking notes and of learning. By the time I was a teenager my thinking was already getting into a mess, and I began to hate anything to do with study, especially note-taking. I began to notice the extraordinary paradox that the more notes I took the worse my studies and memory became. In an effort to improve matters I began to underline key words and ideas in red and to put important things in boxes. Magically, my memory began to improve.

In my first year of university, I was still struggling. It was then that I became fascinated by the Greeks, for I learned that they had developed memory systems that enabled them to recall perfectly hundreds and thousands of facts. The Greek memory systems were based on Imagination and Association, which I noticed to my amusement and concern were absent from my own notes!

I then began to notice that everyone around me was taking the same kind of crowded, one-colour and monotonous notes as I was. None of us was using the principles of Imagination and Association – we were all in the same sinking boat!

I suddenly realized that in my head and the collective ‘global brain’, there was a gigantic log-jam that needed a new note-taking and thinking tool to unblock it.

I set out in search of a thinking tool that would give us the freedom to think and the freedom to think in the way we were designed to think.

I began to study every subject I could, especially psychology. In psychology I discovered that there were two main things important to the brain during learning: Association and Imagination. Similar to the Greeks! By now I was becoming fascinated by my brain and what I realized were its power and potential. The power and potential were both much greater than I had thought. I began to focus on memory, note-taking and creativity, as it seemed that the answer to my quest would lie with them.

I quickly discovered that most of the great thinkers, especially Leonardo da Vinci, used pictures, codes and connecting lines in their notes. They ‘doodled’ and thus made their notes come alive.

During all these explorations, I would often wander in nature, where I found it much easier to think, imagine and dream. It began to dawn on me that, as we are part of nature, our thinking and note-making must relate to nature and must reflect nature; we must mirror the universal laws of nature in our own functioning!

There was only one possible solution to my dilemma. The thinking tool had to apply to the full range of human daily activities, and had to be based on the way the brain naturally wants to work. I needed something that reflected the processes of nature and how our brains naturally work rather than something that put us in a mental strait-jacket by forcing us to work against our natural design. What emerged was a star-like, simple, and beautiful tool that did reflect the natural creativity and radiance of our thinking processes.

The first Mind Map was born!

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) heard about this new discovery and about its remarkable effect on children. As a result they asked me to do a half-an-hour television program on Mind Maps.

At the meeting to discuss the content of the program, I Mind Mapped the brain-storming session. Looking at the growing Mind Map, the Head of BBC Further Education exclaimed: ‘There’s more than one programme here. There are at least ten!’ Within a year the Use Your Head ten-part television series and accompanying book were launched. The Mind Map had created its own future!

Since then I have devoted my time to lecturing and teaching about the theory and application of Mind Maps. Having struggled through my student days, I was determined that everyone should have the benefit of this liberating thinking tool.

Mind Map Handbook is part of this determination to make Mind Maps accessible to everyone.

Part One introduces you to what a Mind Map is, how Mind Maps work and the many ways in which they can help you excel at what you do.

Part Two focuses on how to use Mind Maps to harness the power of your verbal intelligence and become brilliant with words – whether you are reading, speaking, remembering or understanding them.

Part Three shows you how Mind Maps can help you unlock your creative genius and become the ideas person you’ve always wanted to be. Mind Maps are the Swiss Army Knife for the brain, and with them you will sharpen your powers of thought and be able to generate new ideas with speed and ease.

Mind Maps wonderfully and dramatically changed my life for the better. I know that they will do the same for you.

Be prepared to be amazed – by yourself!

1 How to Mind Map

1.1 Introducing The Mind Map

In this chapter I will answer the following questions:

 Just What Is a Mind Map?

 What Do You Need to Make a Mind Map?

 How Can Mind Maps Help You?

Just What Is a Mind Map?

A Mind Map is the ultimate organizational thinking tool. And it is so simple!

The very basic Mind Map below is a plan for today. Each of the branches emanating from the central image relate to different things that need to be done today, for example, calling a plumber, or doing the grocery shopping.

A Mind Map is the easiest way to put information into your brain and to take information out of your brain – it’s a creative and effective means of note-taking that literally ‘maps out’ your thoughts.

All Mind Maps have some things in common. They all use colour. They all have a natural structure that radiates from the centre. And they all use lines, symbols, words and images according to a set of simple, basic, natural and brain-friendly rules. With a Mind Map, a long list of boring information can be turned into a colourful, memorable, highly organized diagram that works in line with your brain’s natural way of doing things.

You can usefully compare Mind Maps to maps of a city. The centre of your Mind Map is like the centre of the city, and represents your most important idea; the main roads leading from the centre represent the main thoughts in your thinking process; the secondary roads or branches represent your secondary thoughts, and so on. Special images or shapes can represent sights of interest or particularly interesting ideas.

Just like a road map, a Mind Map will:

 Give an overview of a large subject or area.

 Enable you to plan routes or to make choices, and will let you know where you are going and where you have been.

 Gather together large amounts of data in one place.

 Encourage problem solving by allowing you to see new creative pathways.

 Be enjoyable to look at, read, muse over and remember.

Mind Maps are also brilliant route-maps for the memory, allowing you to organize facts and thoughts in such a way that your brain’s natural way of working is engaged right from the start. This means that remembering and recalling information later is far easier and more reliable than when using traditional note-taking techniques.

What Do You Need to Make a Mind Map?

Because Mind Maps are so easy to do and so natural, the ingredients for your ‘Mind Map Recipe’ are very few:

1 Blank unlined paper

2 Coloured pens and pencils

3 Your brain

4 Your imagination!

How Can Mind Maps Help You?

Mind Maps can help you in many, many ways! Here are just a few!

Mind Maps can help you to:

 be more creative

 save time

 solve problems

 concentrate

 organize and clarify your thinking

 pass exams with good grades

 remember better

 study faster and more efficiently

 make studying a breeze

 see the ‘whole picture’

 plan

 communicate

 survive!

 save trees!

Let’s compare your brain and the knowledge in it to a library.

Imagine that your brain is a newly built and empty library waiting to be filled with data and information in the form of books, videos, films, CDs and computer discs.

You are the chief librarian and have to choose first whether you wish to have a small or a large selection. You naturally choose a large selection.

Your second choice is whether to have the information organized or not.

Imagine that you take the second option, not to have it organized: you simply order a dumpster of books and electronic media, and have it all piled in a giant heap of information in the middle of your library floor! When somebody comes into your library and asks for a specific book or place where they can find information on a specific topic, you shrug your shoulders and say: ‘It’s somewhere there in the pile, hope you find it – good luck!’

This metaphor describes the state of most people’s minds! Their minds, even though they may – and often do – contain the information they want, are so horribly disorganized that it is impossible for them to retrieve information when they need it. This leads to frustration and a reluctance to take in or handle any new information. After all, what is the point of taking in new information, if you are never going to be able to access the stuff anyway?!

Imagine, on the other hand, that you have a giant library, filled with incredible amounts of information on everything you ever wanted to know. In this new super-library, rather than all this information being piled randomly in the middle of the floor, everything is filed in perfect order, exactly where you want it.

In addition to this, the library has a phenomenal data-retrieval and access system that enables you to find anything you want at the flash of a thought.

An impossible dream?

An immediate possibility for you!

Mind Maps are that phenomenal data-retrieval and access system for the gigantic library that actually exists in your amazing brain.

Mind Maps help you to learn, organize, and store as much information as you want, and to classify it in natural ways that give you easy and instant access (perfect memory!) to whatever you want.

Mind Maps have an additional strength. You would think that the more information you put into your head, the more stuffed your head would become and the more difficult it would be to get any information out. Mind Maps turn this thought on its head!

Why?

Because with Mind Maps each new piece of information you put into your library automatically ‘hooks on to’ all the information already in there. With more of these grappling-hooks-of-memory attaching to any piece of information in your head, the more easy it is for you to ‘hook out’ whatever information you need. With Mind Maps, the more you know and learn, the easier it is to learn and know more!

In summary, Mind Mapping has a whole range of advantages that help make your life easier and more successful.

It’s time for you to start your first one!

1.2 Making A Mind Map

 Discovering Your Natural Mind Mapping Ability

 Imagination and Association Game

 Seven Steps to Making a Mind Map

 Creating Your First Mind Map

In this chapter you are going to make your first Mind Map, starting with an Imagination and Association game.

You will graduate from this chapter knowing how to Mind Map and having learned all the ingredients that go into making a great Mind Map.

Discovering Your Natural Mind Mapping Ability

How does a Mind Map work? In the same way your brain works!

And fortunately, although your brain can do the most incredibly complex things, it is based on the most profoundly simple principles. That is why Mind Maps are easy and fun to create, because they work with your brain’s natural needs and energy rather than against them.

So what are the keys to your brain’s functioning?

Quite simply: imagination and association

Doubt it? Then try this game and make your first Mind Map.

Imagination and Association Game

Read the word printed in capital letters below and immediately close your eyes and keep them closed for about 30 seconds and think about it.

FRUIT

When you read the word and then closed your eyes, was all that popped into your mind a little computer printout of the word: F-R-U-I-T?!

Of course not! What your brain probably generated was an image of your favourite single fruit, or a bowl of fruit, or a fruit store, and so on. You probably also saw the colours of different fruits, connected the tastes to appropriate fruits, and similarly ‘experienced’ their aromas. This is because our brains work with sensory images with appropriate links and associations radiating from them. Our brains use words to trigger these images and associations. They produce 3-D pictures with numerous associations that are especially personal to us.

Your brain thinks radiantly in all directions.

What you have demonstrated with the ‘Fruit Exercise’ is that your brain Mind Maps naturally! And in doing so, you have accomplished even more than you thought, and opened the way for phenomenal improvement in your thinking power. You have learned how your brain actually works!

To get some insight into just how brilliant your brain is and how important Mind Maps are as a method for allowing it to express itself naturally and easily, think again about the ‘Fruit Exercise’ you have just completed: how quickly did you get that image of fruit? Most people answer ‘immediately’.

In daily conversation you are accessing ‘immediately’ a constant stream of continuing data so easily and elegantly that you don’t even notice that your brain is doing something that makers of the world’s super-computers can only dream of doing! You already possess the ultimate super-computer. And it’s in your head!

It is this amazing ‘super-computer power’ that Mind Maps harness. Mind Maps are the reflection of your brain’s natural, image-filled thinking processes and abilities.

This is how our brains work –

IMAGES with networks of ASSOCIATION

This is how Mind Maps work –

IMAGES with networks of ASSOCIATION

Seven Steps to Making a Mind Map

1 Start in the CENTRE of a blank page turned sideways. Why?Because starting in the centre gives your brain freedom to spread out in all directions and to express itself more freely and naturally.

2 Use an IMAGE or PICTURE for your central idea. Why?Because an image is worth a thousand words and helps you use your Imagination. A central image is more interesting, keeps you focused, helps you concentrate, and gives your brain more of a buzz!

3 Use COLOURS throughout. Why?Because colours are as exciting to your brain as are images. Colour adds extra vibrancy and life to your Mind Map, adds tremendous energy to your Creative Thinking, and is fun!

4 CONNECT your MAIN BRANCHES to the central IMAGE and connect your second and third-level branches to the first and second levels, etc. Why?Because, as you now know, your brain works by ASSOCIATION. If you connect the branches, you will understand and remember a lot more easily. Connecting your main branches also creates and establishes a basic structure or architecture for your thoughts. This is very similar to the way in which in nature a tree has connected branches that radiate from its central trunk. If there were little gaps between the trunk and its main branches or between those main branches and the smaller branches and twigs, nature wouldn’t work quite so well! Without connection in your Mind Map, everything (especially your memory and learning!) falls apart. Connect!

5 Make your branches CURVED rather than straight-lined. Why?Because having nothing but straight lines is boring to your brain. Curved, organic branches, like the branches of trees, are far more attractive and riveting to your eye.

6 Use ONE KEY WORD PER LINE. Why?Because single key words give your Mind Map more power and flexibility. Each single word or image is like a multiplier, generating its own special array of associations and connections. When you use single key words, each one is freer and therefore better able to spark off new ideas and new thoughts. Phrases or sentences tend to dampen this triggering effect. A Mind Map with more key words in it is like a hand with all the finger joints working. A Mind Map with phrases or sentences is like a hand with all your fingers held in rigid splints!

7 Use IMAGES throughout. Why?Because each image, like the central image, is also worth a thousand words. So if you have only 10 images in your Mind Map, it’s already the equal of 10,000 words of notes!

Creating Your First Mind Map

Let’s return to the topic of ‘Fruit’ and use your powers of imagination and association to make a Mind Map. There is a sample Mind Map on Plate 1, but try to complete the Mind Map yourself before you look at it.

Level One

First take a sheet of plain paper and some coloured pens. Turn the piece of paper on its side, so that it is wider than it is long (landscape rather than portrait). In the centre of the page draw an image that sums up ‘Fruit’ for you. Use the coloured pens and be as creative as you like. Now label this image ‘Fruit’.

Level Two

Then, draw some thick branches radiating out from the central ‘Fruit’ image. Use a different colour for each. These branches will represent your main thoughts on ‘Fruit’. You can add any number of branches when you make a Mind Map, but, for the purposes of this exercise, let’s limit the number of branches to five.

Basic form to copy for your first Mind Map (Level 2)

On each branch, print clearly and in large capital letters the first five single key words that pop into your head when you think of the concept ‘Fruit’. As you can see, at the moment, your Mind Map is primarily composed of lines and words. So how can we improve it?

We can make it better by adding to it the important brain ingredients of pictures and images from your IMAGINATION. ‘A picture is worth a thousand words’ and therefore saves you a lot of time and wasted energy writing down those thousand words in your notes! And it is easier to remember.

For each of your key words, draw in a picture next to it to represent and reinforce it. Use your coloured pens and a little imagination. It doesn’t have to be a masterpiece – a Mind Map is not a test of your artistic ability!

Level Three

Now let’s use ASSOCIATION to expand this Mind Map on to its next stage. Returning to your Mind Map, take a look at the five key words you have written down on each of the main branches. Do these key words spark off further ideas? For example, if, say, you had written the word ‘Orange’ you might think of colour, juice, Florida, Vitamin C, and so on.

Draw further branches coming off each of your key words to accommodate the associations you make. Again, the number of sub-branches you have is totally dependent on the number of ideas you come up with – which may be infinite. However, for this exercise, draw in three sub-branches.

Basic form for you to copy for your first Mind Map (Level 3)

On these sub-branches do exactly the same as you did in the first stage of this game: print, clearly, single key words on these waiting-to-be-filled branches. Use the main word on the branch to trigger your three new key words. Again, remember to use colour and images on these sub-branches.

Congratulations! You have just completed your first basic Mind Map. You will notice that even at this early stage your Mind Map is brimming with symbols, codes, lines, words, colours, and images, and is already demonstrating all the basic guidelines you need in order to apply your brain most effectively and enjoyably. For a completed ‘master example’ of this exercise, see Plate 1.

You are now more than ready to explore the exciting world of Mind Map applications and how they can add quality, effectiveness, and success to your personal, family, professional, and daily life.

1.3 Your Daily Life Made More Successful with Mind Maps

 Communication and Presentations Mind Map

 Planning Family Events Mind Map

 Persuading People and Negotiating with Mind Maps

 Romantic Weekend Mind Map

 Telephone Calls Mind Map

 Starting a New Venture Mind Map

 Shopping Mind Map

 Reduce a Book to a Single Page Mind Map

Now you have mastered the basics, it is time to introduce you to a range of the most popular and successful applications for Mind Maps in your daily life.

You now know that Mind Maps have many advantages, including saving time, organizing and clarifying your thinking, generating new ideas, keeping track of things, dramatically improving memory and concentration, stimulating more of your brain, allowing you to keep your eye on the ‘whole picture’, and, very importantly, being fun to do!

In this chapter I am going to put all these advantages to work for you.

You will learn how to apply this master thinking technique to a whole range of the most important Life Skills including planning, shopping, studying, note-taking, coming to new realizations and awareness, and making presentations. You will then be able to Mind Map your way through any problem (Plate 2).

Communication and Presentations Mind Map

Being asked to make a speech or presentation is ranked as the number one fear on the planet – higher than the fear of snakes, spiders, rodents, war, disease, violence, and even death!

Why?

Because when making a speech or presentation we are both physically and mentally utterly exposed. There is no escaping the inevitable mistakes in front of the audience.

Thus the dread.

To deal with this dread, most people spend hours and days preparing written presentations that waste precious time and which often have the opposite effect to that desired.

Because they are written in sentence form, and because we do not speak in this form, they become monotonous and boring. In addition, because you have to keep on looking down at the words, you lose contact with the audience. In further addition, because you have to keep looking back up at the audience you increase the probability that you will lose your place. On top of all this, because you have to hold the pages, you trap your extraordinarily expressive body in an immobile prison, thus losing more than 50% of your communication ability at the start.

Mind Maps to the rescue!

In the same way as you Mind Mapped ‘Fruit’, simply place the topic of the speech in the centre of the page, and radiate out the main key images and words you wish to address.